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LED lighting started with extensive research in the early 60's. Texas Instruments, General Electric, & RCA Labortories were reserching and developing the technology. They discovered that miniture crystals (gallium arsenide) gave off infrared radiation when electric current was applied. That was and became the first (infrared) Light Emmitting Diode. Then came the first visable spectrum (colored-Red) Light Emmitting Diode. Light Emmitting material had been around since the early 1900's but not properly researched. Different forms of Gallium as well as other crystals determine the color of the LED.
Blue LEDs were invented in 1971. White, Green, Blue, UV, Yellow, Amber, and Yellow LEDs went into commercial production in the early 90's. Red LEDs have been used in scientific and indicator devices since the early 70's.
L.E.D. is an acronym for Light Emmiting Diode. The history of the LED goes back to 1907 with a form of electrolumenescent material.
LED Lighting History
1907 - Light Emmiting Solid
1955 - Infrared LED
1962 - Red LED
1971 - Blue LED / 1993 production
1972 - Yellow LED / 90's production
1972 - Amber LED / 90's production
1995 - White LED / late 90's production
late 90's - UV LED / late 90's production